Fig. 3 | Nature Communications

Fig. 3

From: Stepwise shifts underlie evolutionary trends in morphological complexity of the mammalian vertebral column

Fig. 3

Variation in vertebral complexity and organization. Based on the whole vertebra dataset optimized onto the sampled synapsid phylogeny using maximum likelihood. Evolutionary patterns of complexity: Range (a), Polarization (b), Irregularity (c). Evolutionary patterns of organization: Concentration (d), Smoothness (e), Clustering (f). For abbreviations see Supplementary Table 7. T, Therapsida; Cy, Cynodontia; Ma, Mammalia; Th, Theria; Bo, Boreoeutheria

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