Fig. 4

Signatures of selection in Cushion willow sampled from high and lower elevation sites. a Pairwise F_ST between populations (y-axis) as a function of the pairwise spatial distance between populations (x-axis). Each point represents one population pair. The solid blue line represents a significant linear relationship; parameter estimates for the linear regression, as well as Pearson’s correlation coefficient and associated p-value are given at the top-right corner of panel b. Heatmap of pairwise F_ST estimates between populations. c Patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD). LD (y-axis) decays as a function of genomic distance between polymorphisms (x-axis) in high elevation (solid red line) and low elevation (solid blue line) Cushion willows populations. LD was measured by r². d Manhattan plots of CLR among the high and low elevation Cushion willow plants of LJ populations. Dashed line indicates CLR value threshold. Genes located within the significant CLR peaks and corresponding annotations are denoted