Fig. 1
From: Voltage-gated optics and plasmonics enabled by solid-state proton pumping
Hydrogen absorption by bottom electrode. a Device schematic and measurement scheme for switchable transmittance devices. The Ti and Pd layers are omitted. Transmission images are shown to the right of the camera icons. The transmission image became brighter after applying VG = +3 V and then became darker after applying −2 V. The scale bar is 400 μm. b Optical images of the device as fabricated and after applying VG = +3 V for 180 s in different gas environments (cropped to a square located at the center of the gated region). Transmission change was only observed in ambient and wet N2. c Schematic illustration of the electrochemical water splitting and Mg hydrogenation. d X-ray absorption spectra of Ti/Mg/Pd/GdOx/Au devices, in virgin state, after positive VG application, and subsequent negative VG application. e Schematic illustration of reflection device with yttrium as bottom electrode. The Ta and Pt layers are omitted. f Optical images and simulated colors of the devices with increasing yttrium thickness as fabricated and after applying VG = +3 V for 180 s
