Fig. 4
Monkeys anticipate the moment of gaining information by gazing at objects associated with the uncertain outcome. a Monkeys’ gaze on Info trials is attracted to CSs in anticipation of receiving informative cues about uncertain rewards. Lines indicate the probability at each millisecond that the animal gazes at the stimulus. Shaded areas indicate ± 1 SE (most too small to see). Monkeys gazed more at the 100% CS (black) than the 0% CS (gray), but gazed most of all at the uncertain 50% CS (red) which could be followed by informative cues indicating either reward (dark red) or no reward (pink). Gaze at reward cues then ramped up to the time of reward delivery, while gaze at no-reward cues was minimal. The data are from all n = 68 sessions of the version of the information task with the displayed task timing parameters. *** indicates p < 0.001 (signed-rank test) of the difference indicated by the text at the moment of a task event. b Gaze on Noinfo trials is attracted to objects in anticipation of outcome delivery. Same format as (a). During the CS period, monkeys had roughly value-based gaze behavior (100% > 50% > 0%), but during the cue period their gaze on 50% reward trials ramped up in anticipation of the uncertain outcome until it became greater than all other conditions (50% > 100% > 0%). c Uncertainty-related gaze behavior in each animal significantly anticipated informative cues (y-axis) and uncertain outcomes (x-axis). The data are from n = 112, 151, 29 sessions from animals A, R, Z. Same format as Fig. 3d, but analyzing gaze instead of neural activity. Colors indicate animals; light dots are single sessions; dark circles are means in each animal, error bars are ± 1 SE (most too small to see)
