Fig. 7
Perturbation of network activity impairs information seeking. a Gaze-contingent information task. Monkeys were shown a CS, waited for a go signal, and then were allowed to gaze at it. Gazing at an Info or Noinfo CS caused it to be replaced with an informative or noninformative cue. Regardless of gaze, the outcome was always delivered a fixed time after CS onset. b RT distribution for animal B. The animal had much faster RTs for Info trials (red) than Noinfo trials (blue). The animal often anticipated the time that information would become available, as indicated by the prevalence of anticipatory saccades especially on Info trials. This histogram includes all RTs collected when inactivations were not being performed (n = 1966), excluding four outliers from Noinfo trials (RTs = 0.741, 0.748, 1.326, 1.335 s). c Muscimol inactivation effect on RTs to contralateral CSs, quantified as the change in Infobias Index (after–before). There are significant reductions in Infobias Index for icbDS inactivations (green), Pal inactivations (blue), and all inactivations (black), but not control sessions (gray). *, **, *** indicate p < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001 (permutation tests). Error bars are ± 1 SE. d Cumulative distributions showing each session’s inactivation effect on the Infobias Index for contralateral CSs. Inactivation sessions consistently reduce the information bias; control sessions do not. e Schematic model of a mechanism by which the cortico-BG network could motivate information-seeking gaze shifts. f Model predictions: the two BG areas should influence information seeking in distinct manners, such that icbDS inactivation slows RTs to obtain information (left, Info CS, red), Pal inactivation speeds RTs that will not obtain information (middle, Noinfo CS, blue), and controls have no effect (right). g Inactivation results, quantified by comparing normalized RTs for the Info CS (red) and Noinfo CS (blue) before vs. after inactivation. icbDS inactivation slowed RTs to the Info CS (left); Pal inactivation speeded RTs to Noinfo CS (middle); control sessions had no significant effect on RTs to either CS (right). Error bars are ± 1 SE. **, *** indicate p < 0.01, 0.001 (rank-sum tests)
