Fig. 6
ChAT-VIP neurons control attention. a Locations of virus injections, in BF (left) or mPFC (middle). Optic fibres were implanted over the PrL mPFC (right). Below: EYFP expression in BF neurons (left image) and EYFP-positive fibres in mPFC (right image). Scale bars 500 μm. b Cartoon and schematic representation of a trial. Green bar indicates the period of optogenetic inhibition. Laser-ON and laser-OFF trials were assigned randomly in each session (50 ON, 50 OFF). c Accuracy of responding by rats injected either in BF or mPFC (CHAT-VIP), or control littermates that received only AAV5::DIO-EYFP injections [CTRL: n = 9; ChAT-VIP: n = 7; BF: n = 11; two-way ANOVA, effect of interaction light × virus F(2,24) = 5.920; p = 0.0081; Sidak’s correction ChAT-VIP: p = 0.0102 ON vs. OFF; Sidak’s correction BF: p = 0.0030 ON vs. OFF]. Green boxes represent laser-ON trials, black boxes represent laser-OFF trials. Box plot centre line: median; bounds of box: 25th to 75th percentile; whiskers: min-max data bound. d Percent of correct responses (two-way ANOVA; effect of interaction light × virus F(2,24) = 4.088; p = 0.0297; Sidak’s correction ChAT-VIP: p = 0.0214, BF: p = 0.0288 ON vs. OFF). e Percent of incorrect responses (two-way ANOVA; effect of interaction light × virus F(2,24) = 3.835; p = 0.0359; Sidak’s correction ChAT-VIP: p = 0.0314, BF: p = 0.0254 ON vs. OFF). f Time to respond to light cues (latency correct latency ChAT-VIP: t = 1.389; p = 0.2141; BF: t = 1.576; p = 0.142. Incorrect latency ChAT-VIP: t = 1.173; p = 0.2851; BF: Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test; p = 0.6523, ON vs. OFF). Grey shaded area represents the duration of the stimulus light presentation. g Time to collect reward at the magazine. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test; ChAT-VIP: p = 0.9063; BF: p = 0.4785). Grey shaded area represents the duration of the stimulus light presentation. h Accuracy of responding during early trials and late trials [BF projections inhibition in mPFC: two-way ANOVA effect of interaction light × virus: F(2,24) = 3.744; p = 0.0385; Sidak’s correction BF: p = 0.0022 ON vs. OFF], [ChAT-VIP cell inhibition in mPFC: two-way ANOVA effect of interaction light × virus F(2,24) = 3.744; p = 0.0161 Sidak’s correction ChAT-VIP: p = 0.0125 ON vs. OFF]. Green bars represent trials with laser-ON. Black bars represent laser-OFF trials. Values are expressed in percent as mean ± SEM. Asterisks: 1 = p < 0.05, 2 = p < 0.01, 3 = p < 0.001.
