Fig. 3

Dependence of X-ray absorption on deposited X-ray energy. This figure shows spectra recorded with 140 meV/atom pulse averaged X-ray energy absorbed in the Co/Pd multilayer (280 meV/atom total absorbed energy, 16 mJ/cm\({}^{2}\) total absorbed fluence) and those recorded on the same sample in the low fluence limit at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) synchrotron light source. a XAS and XMCD. b Changes in XAS and XMCD relative to the low fluence limit. The XAS change is fit to that expected for an electronic temperature change described by a Fermi-Dirac distribution with a constant density of states near the Fermi level, while the XMCD change is fit to a uniform reduction in XMCD. The vertical error bars show the standard error of the displayed quantities. Each combination of photon energy and sample magnetization direction had a median of 11 measurements with different X-ray pulses. Source data provided as a Source Data file.