Fig. 4: Evaluating the wearability and electrical output performance of the e-textile.

a Air permeability test shows the air flow rate through the textile at a pressure difference of 100 Pa on both sides. b Water vapor transmission rate test indicates the penetration of sweat or moisture on textiles. c Thermal and evaporative resistance test examines the obstacles of heat and moisture flow from skin to environment. The error bars correspond to standard deviation caused by the statistical uncertainty of measurement. d The effect of introducing the moisture-wicking fabric on the output performance of e-textile under different sweat amount (simulating human body sweating). When the adult is in exercise (including American football, baseball, basketball, soccer and tennis), the whole-body sweating rates are about 1.21 ± 0.68 L h−143. The error bars correspond to standard deviation caused by the measurement noise.