Fig. 6: Mode of action informs on cross-resistance spectra of AMP-evolved lines.

a Cross-resistance interactions (i.e., defined as 2-fold increase in MIC) are significantly overrepresented between AMP pairs either from the group of exclusively membrane-targeting AMPs (TPII, CP1, PGLA, LL37, PEX) or from the group of exclusively intracellular-targeting AMPs (PR39 and BAC5) as compared to pairs of AMPs between the two mode of action groups (MOA). Significant difference: ***P = 1.333 × 10−10 from two-sided Fisher’s exact test, n = 119 and 93 for within and between mode of action groups, respectively. b Collateral-sensitivity interactions (i.e., defined as ≥ 20% decrease in MIC) are overrepresented between the groups of membrane-targeting and intracellular-targeting AMPs (i.e., between MOA). Significant difference: ***P = 4.83 × 10−5 from two-sided Fisher’s exact test, n = 200 and 194 for within MOA and between MOA, respectively. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.