Fig. 5: ATAD5 promotes generation of MUS81-mediated single-stranded DNA-associated breaks in response to replication stress.

a, b U2OS cells transfected with ATAD5 siRNA under the Noco-APH condition were treated with 2 mM HU for 6 h before being collected for analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. a Representative data from three independent experiments. Asterisk (*) indicates a DNA break. b DNA breaks were quantified and displayed (N = 4). c U2OS or HeLa cells transfected with ATAD5 siRNA under the Noco-APH condition were treated with 2 mM HU for 6 h before being collected for a neutral COMET assay. The tail moment was calculated from ~200 cells and plotted. d U2OS cells expressing ATAD5^AID were pre-treated with auxin and treated with 2 mM HU for another 6 h before being collected for a neutral COMET assay. Two independent experiments were performed, and one representative result is displayed. e U2OS-TetOn-ATAD5 cells treated with doxycycline for 24 h before entering the Noco-APH condition were treated with 2 mM HU for 6 h before collection for the neutral COMET assay. f U2OS cells transfected with siRNAs under the Noco-APH condition were treated with 2 mM HU for 6 h. Chromatin-bound proteins were fractionated and subjected to immunoblotting. g U2OS cells transfected with a combination of ATAD5 and MUS81 siRNAs under the Noco-APH condition were treated with 2 mM HU for 6 h before collection for the neutral COMET assay. The tail moment was calculated from ~300 cells and plotted. h HEK293T cells transfected with ATAD5 siRNA for 48 h were labeled with 10 μM EdU for 20 min, washed, and treated with 2 mM HU for the indicated times. Samples were processed for iPOND, and captured proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted. b–e, g Error bars represent standard deviation of the mean. Statistical analysis: two-tailed Student’s t test; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001.