Fig. 1: Distribution of 16 global cities by per capita total carbon inflow (TCI) and per capita GDP-PPP.
From: Physical and virtual carbon metabolism of global cities
TCI encapsulates both the physical carbon inflow of a city as well as the fossil fuel combustion-related virtual carbon emissions associated with a city’s upstream supply chains. Note that the modeling of virtual carbon of Beijing, Hong Kong, Singapore, London, Sydney, New York, and Los Angeles is based on city-level input–output tables, while those of the remaining cities use downscaled tables of the national economy adjusted by location quotients, as described in Methods. We use per capita GDP-PPP (purchase power parity) as an index of urban income. The intersection of the x-axis and y-axis represents the average per capita carbon inflow and per capita GDP-PPP of the cities. The impacts of the share of services sector (size scale) and population density (color scale) are also shown in the figure.
