Fig. 4: Operando and postmortem analyses on Li plating.
From: An ultrathin ionomer interphase for high efficiency lithium anode in carbonate based electrolyte
a Operando observation of Li-plating and stripping in a glass cell using (frames 1–3) a pristine Cu electrode and (frames 1′–3′) a SPEEK-Li/POSS-coated Cu electrode as anodes and the Li metal foil as a cathode with a carbonate-based electrolyte; the voltage-vs.-time plots indicate the moments when the snapshots are taken; optical images showing the Li-plating morphology for b a pristine Cu electrode and c a SPEEK-Li/POSS-coated Cu electrode which have been subjected to two and half galvanostatic Li plating–stripping cycles in coin cells (current density = 1 mA cm−2 and Li plating capacity = 2 mAh cm−2); d SEM micrograph showing the cross-section of (b), scale bar: 10 μm; e SEM micrograph showing the surface morphology of (b) after being washed with organic solvent, scale bar: 5 μm; f SEM micrograph showing the cross-section and surface morphology of (c), scale bar: 5 μm.
