Fig. 1: Study design.

a Individual GRSs were derived in the UK Biobank training set (n = 11,995) using GWAS summary statistics for individual traits. b The metaGRS for ischaemic stroke was then derived by integrating individual GRSs using elastic-net cross-validation. c Validation of the metaGRS for ischaemic stroke was performed in the UK Biobank validation set (n = 395,393). UKB UK Biobank, GWAS genome-wide association study, GRS genomic risk score.