Fig. 1: Phd1-deficient mice have lower muscle mass.

Bar graphs showing muscle weight (a), lean mass (b), fat mass (c), and body weight (d) of WT (white bars) and PHD1^KO (red bars) male mice. e Quantification (left panel) and representative pictures (right panel) of fiber cross sectional area distribution in WT (black line) and PHD1^KO (red line) TA muscle. f Force–frequency curve in ex vivo stimulated soleus from WT (black line) and PHD1^KO (red line) male mice. g mRNA expression levels of genes involved in ubiquitin-proteasome mediated protein degradation in TA muscle from WT (white bars) and PHD1^KO (red bars) female mice. h Representative pictures and quantification of western blot analysis of LC3B and P62 protein levels in TA muscle from WT (white bars) and PHD1^KO (red bars) female mice. Statistics: two-way ANOVA test, with a Holm–Sidak post hoc test (e, f) or unpaired t test (a, b, c, d, g, h) (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns not significant). Each dot represents a single mouse (a, b, c, d, h). Bar graphs and line graphs represent mean ± SEM (error bars). Data is represented as fold change to WT (g, h). EDL m. extensor digitorum longus, GAS m. gastrocnemius, TA m. tibialis anterior. See also Supplementary Fig. 1. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.