Fig. 7: HS-AFM of A5-assisted membrane healing processes.
From: Annexin-V stabilizes membrane defects by inducing lipid phase transition
a HS-AFM image frames (Supplementary Movie 5) showing the formation of membrane, following the addition of small unilamellar vesicles into fluid cell, in the presence of preformed membrane patches covered with A5 2D-lattices. The colored circles indicate membrane fusion locations between A5-protected membranes and newly formed membranes. Green arrows in frame 104.0 s indicate topographical stripes resulting from highly mobile A5 after membrane fusion. b Graph of the time-lapse evolution of the integrity of A5 patches A and B, total membrane surface coverage, and membrane fusion efficiency, estimated by the ratio of circumference and membrane area on newly formed membrane. A5-protected membranes remain robust beyond the time of first successful fusion events. c A5 dynamics (blue arrows) (Supplementary Movie 6) and d A5 2D-lattice dynamics (blue lines) (Supplementary Movie 7) near membrane defects following the addition of supplemental A5 to the HS-AFM fluid cell.
