Fig. 1: Fasting stimuli promote the interaction between PER–LD.

a Representative CARS live images of peroxisome–LD contacts (arrowhead) during fasting (1 h) in young adult worms expressing RFP::PTS1 (peroxisome marker). b Quantification of peroxisome–LD colocalization calculated using Leica software (LAS X). n = 7 worms. c Representative 3D structural images of peroxisome–LD contact (arrowhead) during fasting in C. elegans. Scale bars, 5 μm. d 3D-SIM images of eWAT immunostained with PLIN1 (LD marker, green) and PMP70 (peroxisome marker, red) under feeding and fasting (12 h) conditions. e Representative optical section images of peroxisome–LD contacts (arrowhead) in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes stained for endogenous PMP70 (red) and PLIN1 (green) and treated with ISO (1 μM) for 1 h. f 3D projection of SIM images in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes immunostained for PMP70 (Red) and PLIN1 (green) and treated with ISO (1 μM) for 1 h. g Quantification of PMP70 staining intensity in adipocytes treated with or without ISO (1 μM) for 1 h. n = 12 cells for CON; n = 15 cells treated with ISO. h Quantification of peroxisome–LD colocalization calculated using imageJ software. n = 15 cells for each group. i Western blot of whole cell extracts (WCE) or LD fractionation for PMP70 (peroxisome) and LD-associated proteins. 30 μg of protein from WCE; 20 μg of protein from LD fraction. CON control; ISO isoproterenol. All scale bars, 10 μm except for c. Arrowhead: contact between PER–LD. Data are represented as the mean ± SD; ^*P < 0.05, ^***P < 0.001 (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test). n.s., not statistically significant.