Fig. 2: Peroxisome–LD contacts are crucial for fasting-induced lipolysis.

a, b Representative confocal images and quantification of peroxisome–LD contacts (arrowhead) immunostained with PLIN1 (green) and PMP70 (red) in differentiated adipocytes. Cells were treated with or without nocodazole (0.05 μg ml−1) under CON or ISO treatment. n = 10 cells for vehicle group; n = 12 cells treated with ISO; n = 10 cells treated with nocodazole; n = 11 cells treated with nocodazole and ISO for quantification of colocalization b using imageJ software. c Relative glycerol release from adipocytes in media. Adipocytes were treated with or without nocodazole (0.05 μg ml−1) under CON or ISO treatment. n = 3 for each group. d, e SIM images and quantitative data of peroxisome–LD contacts (arrowhead) stained with PLIN1 (green) and PMP70 (red) in adipocytes transfected with siNC or siKIFC3 for 48 h. Scale bars, 5 μm. n = 10 cells for siNC group; n = 12 cells treated with ISO; n = 10 cells for siKIFC3 group; n = 11 cells for siKIFC3 treated with ISO for quantification of colocalization e using imageJ. f Relative release of glycerol and FFA from adipocytes transfected with siNC or siKIFC3 for 48 h. n = 3 for each group. g, h Confocal images and quantitative data of peroxisome–LD contacts (arrowhead) immunostained with PLIN1 (green) and PMP70 (red) in adipocytes. Cells were treated with or without WY-14643 (10 μM) for 48 h. n = 11 cells for vehicle group; n = 15 cells treated with ISO; n = 10 cells treated with WY-14643; n = 13 cells treated with WY-14643 and ISO for quantification of colocalization h using imageJ. i Relative release of glycerol and FFA from adipocytes treated with or without WY-14643 (10 μM) for 48 h. n = 3 for each group. CON control, ISO isoproterenol. Cells were treated with ISO (1 μM) for 1 h. Arrowhead: contact between PER–LD. Data represent the mean ± SD; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. vehicle-CON or siNC-CON, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001 in two-way ANOVA followed by Turkey’s post-hoc test. All scale bars, 10 μm except for d.