Fig. 8: Low TDP-43 expression relates to human lactation deficiency.
From: TDP-43 facilitates milk lipid secretion by post-transcriptional regulation of Btn1a1 and Xdh
a Quantification of mRNA expression levels of cell-specific markers in MSCs (milk somatic cells, n = 3) and MFGs (milk fat globules, n = 3). MSCs were obtained from fresh human breast milk by centrifugation. Specific markers for polymorphonuclear neutrophils (CD18 and GPR97), lymphocytes (CD3e), macrophages (CD18 and CD68), and MEC genes encoding milk proteins (CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN3, and LALBA) are shown. b, c qRT-PCR analysis of TARDBP (b) and HNRNPA1 (c) mRNA expression levels in MFGs of fresh human milk on days 3–5 postpartum. Exclusive breastfeeding, n = 45; partial breastfeeding, n = 13; formula feeding, n = 2. d Graphic abstract of roles of TDP-43 in regulating milk lipid secretion. Data are means ± SD. Unpaired t test was used to evaluate statistical significance. *P < 0.05; n.s., not significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
