Fig. 8: Androgen receptor and its transcriptional co-repressor REST modulate SPINK1 expression.

Schematic showing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) induced progression of prostate adenocarcinoma (ADPC) to neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) (top panel). ADT using AR-antagonists relieve AR-REST mediated transcriptional repression of SPINK1, and subsequently, SOX2 gets recruited on the SPINK1 promoter resulting in its upregulation (left box). In addition, Casein kinase 1 inhibitor (iCK1) restores REST levels causing downregulation of SPINK1, leading to reduced stemness and cellular plasticity (right box).