Fig. 1: Identification of hominin-specific regulatory changes in brain tissue. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Identification of hominin-specific regulatory changes in brain tissue.

From: Hominin-specific regulatory elements selectively emerged in oligodendrocytes and are disrupted in autism patients

Fig. 1

a Schematic representation of the primate phylogenetic tree with time indication of the major branch points. b t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-sne) analysis of all H3K27ac-enriched GREs with orthologs on all four primate genomes (n = 37,308). Axes indicate semantic space (CB cerebellum, PFC prefrontal cortex). c PCA analysis of the same regions as in (b), shown for the first two principal components. d Heatmap showing H3K27ac enrichment on scaled hominin-specific regulatory changes in both cerebellum and prefrontal cortex. Heatmap colors indicate H3K27ac enrichment (rpm). CB gains n = 713; CB losses n = 374; PFC gains n = 685; PFC losses n = 158. e Conservation scores (20 mammals) using PhastCon as defined by UCSC for hominin-specific gains and evolutionary stable GREs compared to all here identified GREs. Dissimilarities between distributions were calculated using a Student’s t test. f Analysis as in (e) for hominin-specific nucleotide changes. Bottom and top of the box plots are the first and third quartile. The line within the boxes represents the median and whiskers denote interval within 1.5× the interquartile range from the median, outliers are depicted as points. Source data are provided in Source Data file.

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