Fig. 7: Osteoclasts and IL-4-induced multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) share mechanisms of metabolic adaptation in nutrient scarcity.
From: Environmental arginine controls multinuclear giant cell metabolism and formation
a Representative H&E stainings of MGCs ± recArg1. b Representative H&E stainings of MGCs from Arg1Tie/+ and WT littermate controls. c qRT-PCR of Pck2, Sdhd and Dcstamp in IL-4- (M-CSF + IL-4) and RANKL (M-CSF + RANKL)-induced MGCs ± recArg1. All data correspond to day 7, # corresponds to P = 0.01 assessed by t-test (n = 4). d, e Representative H&E stainings (d) and quantifications (e) of nuclei per cell of IL-4-generated MGCs in the absence of arginine (Arg-Free Media), re-supplemented with arginine, citrulline or argininosuccinate. Data represent cells counted in 50 random frames (n = 50). f IL-4-induced MGC oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the absence of arginine (Arg-Free Media), re-supplemented with arginine, citrulline and argininosuccinate. Significance was calculated by unpaired t-test between area under the curve (AUC) of indicated conditions (Arg-Free n = 10, arginine n = 12, citrulline n = 11, argininosuccinate n = 11). Data are mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA Tukey post-hoc test and t-test (c), one-way ANOVA post-hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction (e) and two-way ANOVA post Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (f). Scale bar represents 200 µm (10×), 50 µm (40×) (a, d) and 200 µm (RANKL) and 100 µm (IL-4) (b). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
