Table 3 Statistically significant associations from the mixed ancestry analysis.

Gene	Lead model	Lead phenotype	UKB carrier n (%)^a	UKB p value	HNP carrier n (%)^a	HNP p value	Meta p value	Eur carrier n (%)^a,b	Eur p value^b
UGT1A1	Coding	Total bilirubin	90 (0.19%)	3.4 × 10⁻¹⁴	19 (0.15%)	1.5 × 10⁻²	4.3 × 10⁻¹⁵	77 (0.16%)	5.5 × 10⁻⁹
FCGRT	Coding	Albumin	72 (0.16%)	4.9 × 10⁻¹²	28 (0.22%)	2.4 × 10⁻²	8.5 × 10⁻¹³	72 (0.16%)	9.2 × 10⁻⁸
TMPRSS6	Coding	Mean corpuscular haemoglobin	389 (0.8%)	1.5 × 10⁻¹¹	105 (0.78%)	5.0 × 10⁻²	5.8 × 10⁻¹²	369 (0.73%)	6.3 × 10⁻⁹
SLCO1B3	Coding	Total bilirubin	531 (1.14%)	6.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	135 (1.06%)	1.6 × 10⁻²	4.5 × 10⁻¹¹	574 (1.18%)	1.4 × 10⁻⁸
OCA2	Coding	Hair colour: Blonde	32 (0.61%)/65 (0.15%)^a	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁴				31 (0.66%)/46 (0.13%)^a	2.5 × 10^−15c
TYRP1	Coding	Hair colour: Blonde	65 (1.24%)/231 (0.52%)^a	3.4 × 10⁻¹²				55 (1.18%)/180 (0.5%)^a	6.6 × 10⁻⁹
SEC23B	Coding	Red blood cell distribution width	341 (0.7%)	1.9 × 10⁻¹⁰				279 (0.71%)	3.4 × 10⁻¹⁰

All results shown are from the LMM with all ethnicities. When multiple phenotypes and/or models (coding, LoF) were significantly associated with a gene, only the lead phenotype and model are shown. All results can be found in Supplementary Data 2
^aFor binary traits, the information shown is case n (%)/ctrl n (%)
^bEur carrier and Eur p value columns: For the phenotypes measured in both cohorts, the European meta-analysis values are shown. For the phenotypes measured only in UKB (blank for HNP), the UKB Eur values are shown
^cWhile OCA2 was significantly associated with hair colour in the European ancestry subset, that subset had only nine expected case carriers, and so it failed our screening. In the Fisher’s exact test in unrelated individuals with no carrier cutoff, the p value is 1.3 × 10⁻⁸

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