Table 2 Cognitive scores, white matter hyperintensities, and CSF LCN2 levels.

From: Cerebrospinal fluid lipocalin 2 as a novel biomarker for the differential diagnosis of vascular dementia

  

n

MMSE (median score, min-max)

ARWMC (cohort 1) Fazekas (cohort 4) (median score, min-max)

Lipocalin 2 (mean pg/mL, SD)

Cohort 1

AD

 

47

17 (0–27), n = 35

–

691 ± 247

VaD

 

27

19 (0–25), n = 21

12 (5–17), n = 23

2233 ± 1326

 

SID

20

19 (0–25), n = 17

12 (5–16), n = 18

2232 ± 1340

 

MID

5

17 (14–25), n = 3

12.5 (11–17), n = 4

2780 ± 1256

 

PSD

2

16, n = 1

7, n = 1

870 ± 268

VCIND

 

7

28 (26–29)

12 (4–18)

946 ± 366

SVDND

 

20

28.5 (28–30)

6 (3–19)

753 ± 300

Cohort 2

AD

 

15

20 (9–27), n = 14

–

660 ± 182

VaDa

 

10

13 (5–24), n = 9

NA

1440 ± 979

 

SID

1

21

NA

840

 

MID

6

16 (5–24)

NA

1853 ± 1092

 

PSD

2

13 (13–13)

NA

970 ± 127

Cohort 3

AD

 

27

21 (11–30)

–

709 ± 236

VaDb

 

16

23.5 (12–28)

NA

1381 ± 953

 

SID

10

21.5 (14–28)

NA

1298 ± 1087

 

MID

2

22 (20–24)

NA

2460 ± 56

Cohort 4

AD

 

28

23 (15–28)

–

634 ± 198

VaD

 

10

21 (16–28)

2 (1–3)

1131 ± 481

 

SID

7

26 (20–28)

2 (1–3)

1147 ± 512

 

MID

3

18 (16–24)

1 (1–2)

1093 ± 502

VCIND

 

8

26 (22–28)

2 (1–2)

845 ± 277

SVDND

 

3

29 (28–30)

2 (2–4)

613 ± 258

  1. a1 case data not available to determine type of VaD pathology.
  2. b4 cases data not available to determine type of VaD pathology.
  3. n number of cases, AD Alzheimer’s disease, VaD vascular dementia, SID subcortical ischemic vascular dementia, MID mulit-infarct cortical dementia, PSD post-(single)stroke dementia, SVDND small vessel disease no dementia, VCIND vascular cognitive impairment no dementia.
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