Fig. 2: LC/NA-driving PS duration is highly correlated with extracellular NA concentration in the cerebral cortex.

a Representative cortical images of nLight before and after 30-s LA/NA axon PS. Scale bar: 100 μm. b nLight responses by varying PS duration. Asterisks indicate significant differences of peak amplitude after PS compared with the basal signal (n = 5–6 sessions, 4 mice). c Comparison of peak nLight response amplitude for the data in b (n = 5–6 sessions, 4 mice). d, e nLight signals before and after desipramine injection (NA reuptake inhibitor, 10 mg/kg, i.p. 30 min before imaging). Traces represent mean ± SEM (d). Peak amplitude was quantified at 30 and 300 s after PS (e, n = 5 sessions, 4 mice). Analysis was performed from the average of individual sessions. Box plots: box range, 25–50–75% quatile; square, mean; whiskers, max–min. One-way ANOVA with Turkey’s test: c; paired t-test: b, d; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.