Fig. 3: Binary interactions between CHIL and CHS in land plants.

a Interactions of CHIL with CHS and related proteins were analyzed in various land plants with the GAL4-based yeast two-hybrid system. HmCTAS and VvSTS refer to a p-coumaroyltriacetic acid synthase of hydrangea and a stilbene synthase isozyme of grapevine, respectively. Refer to the Fig. 2 legend for details regarding the other protein names and the abbreviated growth media names. b Interactions of heterologous CHILs with AtCHS. c Interactions of CHIL with CHS from various land plants were analyzed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells by BiFC. The BiFC results for the CHI and CHS isozymes of morning glory (InCHI and InCHS-D/InCHS-E, respectively) are provided as negative controls. Scale bars = 30 μm.