Fig. 1: STEM bright-field (BF) image of tribologically deformed microstructure after a single sliding pass in the vicinity of a twin boundary (TB).
From: Early deformation mechanisms in the shear affected region underneath a copper sliding contact

Directly above the surface, the first protective platinum layer is visible. The TB as well as the upper and lower dislocation trace lines (DTL) are marked by arrows. Both DTLs extend through the TB to either of its sides. At the intersection of the TB with the lower DTL, a displacement step in sliding direction (SD) is visible. The angle α denotes the inclination between the sample surface normal direction and the TB segments separated by the DTLs. Sliding direction (SD), normal (force) direction (ND) and transverse direction (TD) form the right-handed sample coordinate system indicated in the image and used throughout this work. The scale bar corresponds to 200 nm.