Fig. 1: Co-administration of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blocking antibodies with HIV vaccines in Cynomolgus macaques.

a Vaccination protocol for immunization of four groups of Cynomolgus macaques with sequential CH505 HIV Env gp120 recombinant proteins with co-administration of CTLA-4, PD-1, CTLA-4 + PD-1 or control antibodies. b, c Plasma antibody titers of (b) binding to CH505 TF gp120 by ELISA measured by Log area under the curve (c) neutralization of tier-1 autologous CH505w4.3 virus in the TZM-bl assay measured by ID50. Each dot represents a single animal and are colored based on antibody treatment group (CTLA-4, blue; PD-1, red; CTLA-4 + PD-1, green; Control CH65, purple). d Antibody composite score averaging the Z-scores from the binding, blocking and neutralization values measured at weeks 6, 10, and 14 (*P < 0.05; Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney). e Vaccination protocol for immunization of four groups of Cynomolgus macaques with sequential CH848 SOSIP trimer recombinant proteins with co-administration of CTLA-4 or control antibodies. f–h Plasma antibody titers of (f) binding to CH848 WT SOSIP trimer by ELISA measured by Log area under the curve. (g) blocking of the DH270 V3-targeting bnAb binding to CH848 WT gp120 protein by competitive ELISA measured as percent blocking. h neutralization of tier-2 autologous CH848 DT virus in the TZM-bl assay measured by ID50. i Antibody composite score averaging the Z-scores from the binding, blocking and neutralization values measured at weeks 12, 18, and 24 (*P < 0.05; Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney). Each dot represents a single animal and are colored based on antibody treatment group (CTLA-4, blue; Control CH65, purple; *P < 0.05; Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.