Fig. 5: Structural determination of Au atom position in the reconstructed Au (001) surface on the basis of the HAADF-STEM images.

a A monolayer Au (001) slice viewed from Au [001] direction. b Deleting the atoms in one column every three columns to make the gaps meet the periodicity viewed from Au [100] direction. c The structure with remaining Au atoms after process in (b). d, e Two different ways to delete the atoms in one row every three rows to make the gaps meet the periodicity viewed from Au [100] direction. f The structure with remaining Au atoms after process in (d), which is not consistent with the experimental HAADF-STEM images. g The structure with remaining Au atoms after process in (e), which is consistent with the experimental HAADF-STEM images in every directions we have observed. h The square-octagon structure composed by the remaining monolayer Au atoms.