Fig. 3: Mechanisms for fatigue-resistant hydrogel adhesion from experiments.

a, b Schematic illustration of the nanocrystalline structures of fatigue-resistant hydrogel adhesion before (a) and after (b) annealing (100 °C, 90 min). c, d GIWAXS patterns of fatigue-resistant hydrogel adhesion before (c) and after annealing (d). e, f GIWAXS scattering profiles at azimuthal angles of 10°, 30°, 60°, and 80° for PVA hydrogel before (e) and after (f) annealing.