Fig. 3: Sub-genome dominance phenomenon observed in the paleo-allopolyploidy genome of white lupin.

a The density of syntenic genes in three sub-genomes of L. albus compared to the deduced diploid ancestor of Lupinus (genes of diploid genome P. vulgaris were used as the reference). The x-axis denotes the physical position of each gene locus in the genome of the diploid ancestor. The y-axis denotes the percentage of retained homologous genes in white lupin sub-genomes around each diploid ancestor gene, where 500 genes flanking each side of a certain gene locus were analyzed, giving a total window size of 1001 genes. b The number of dominantly expressed paralogs between sub-genomes LF and MF1, with significantly more genes located at sub-genome LF (red) than their paralogs from sub-genome MF1 (green) under different rules to determine the status of dominant expression. c Similar to b, the number of dominantly expressed paralogs between sub-genomes LF and MF2, with significantly more genes located at sub-genome LF (red) than their paralogs from sub-genome MF2 (blue). d The number of dominantly expressed paralogs between sub-genomes MF1 and MF2; no significant differences were found. e The difference in average TE density in the vicinity regions of paralogous genes from the three sub-genomes of white lupin. f Sub-genomes LF and MF1 with the gene dominantly (d) expressed in LF (dLF). g Sub-genomes LF and MF2 with the gene dominantly expressed in LF. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.