Fig. 4: Cation and oxygen vacancy distributions at the (111) CeO2/Y2O3 interface.
From: Colossal oxygen vacancy formation at a fluorite-bixbyite interface

Distribution profiles of oxygen vacancy (top) and Ce3+, Ce4+ (bottom) equilibrated at 700 °C in CeO2 and Y2O3 calculated by hybrid Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The interfaces enrich Ce3+ and oxygen vacancies simultaneously within CeO2. The concentration of oxygen vacancies can reach up to 10% at the interface, spanning over ~1 nm.