Fig. 4: Global CO₂ emissions induced by a unit of final consumption or capital formation in China.

Each grid in a, c indicates the global CO₂ emissions induced by China’s one unit of final consumption of products from each sector of nations other than China (a) and Chinese regions (c). Each grid in b, d indicates the global CO₂ emissions induced by China’s one unit of capital formation of products from each sector of nations other than China (b) and Chinese regions (d). The black/white bars at the bottom show the total global CO₂ emissions caused by China’s one unit of final consumption or capital formation of nations or Chinese regions. A darker colour indicates larger global CO₂ emissions. Results in more sectoral detail are shown in Supplementary Fig. 3.