Fig. 3: Capacity estimation without definite knowledge of the temperature.

The curves show the estimated (red) and measured (blue) capacity for cell cycled at a 35 °C and b 45 °C; the cycling temperature is not an input to our model. The shaded area indicates ±1 standard deviation. Both EIS spectra are collected at the state V (15 min resting after fully charging). R2 is shown on the left bottom in each panel. ARD shows that the EIS-capacity GPR models at 35 °C c and 45 °C d assign the largest weight to the 91st feature with the corresponding frequency of 17.80 Hz. The irrelevant features have weights close to zero.