Fig. 3: Excitatory optogenetic patterning of STN neurons at β-frequency does not replicate the functional properties of parkinsonian β-oscillations.

a Schematic of the experiment in ChR2-expressing STN neurons (top) and laser stimulation protocol (bottom) used to mimic abnormal β-oscillations in normal rats. b Sagittal epifluorescence images showing the ChR2-EYFP labeling at the level of the STN (top left) and their axons in SNr (bottom left) and GP (right) (scale: 200 µm). Slices orientation: dorso-rostral. c Mean power spectrum of mCx ECoG during OFF and ON laser stimulation in normal rat. d Mean phase histograms of STN (top), arkypallidal (middle), and prototypic (bottom) neurons during abnormal β-oscillations recorded in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. e Mean phase histograms of STN (top), arkypallidal (middle), and prototypic (bottom) neurons during synthetic β-oscillations evoked via opto-patterning of STN neurons using ChR2 in control rats. f Comparison of the change in firing rate induced by synthetic β as compared with abnormal parkinsonian β in STN, arkypallidal, and prototypic neurons. Group data represents mean ± SEM, box-and-whisker plots indicate median, first and third quartile, min, and max values. See also Supplementary Table 3 for statistical information.