Fig. 4: Exploitation ratios (ER) and threshold of representative Golden Inland Waterways (GIWs). | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Exploitation ratios (ER) and threshold of representative Golden Inland Waterways (GIWs).

From: Sustainability of global Golden Inland Waterways

Fig. 4

ER (%) is the ratio of actual to idealized bearing capacity. a, b Basin-average ER of various GIWs (small letters a-i corresponding to the nine representative waterways in Fig. 3) at different development stages in terms of 2015 GDP per capita (in 2010 US$) and industrialization stage in 2015, respectively. The two turning points (TPI, TPII) separating the three stages are marked by red hollow circles. GIWs at the developed stage after the TPII show diverse ER (58–100%) as the consequences of different development strategies (A, radical; B, moderate; and C, conservative). c Freight volume growth rate (%) under varying ER for six typical GIWs. d Proportion of reaches with different levels of ecological status, corresponding to varying ER from 134 reaches of six European GIWs. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Back to article page