Fig. 1: Monocytes are incorporated as the endothelium of acellular vascular grafts.
From: Endothelialization of arterial vascular grafts by circulating monocytes
Immunostaining of explanted VEGF-based A-TEVs at the indicated time points of 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months compared to native carotid artery. a Co-staining for the macrophage marker CD163 (red) and the endothelial marker CD144 (green). b Co-staining for the monocyte marker CD14 (red) and the functional endothelial marker eNOS (green). Note that at 1-week lumens are devoid of EC markers but express MC markers, CD14 and CD163. At 1 and 3 months lumens comprise of cells co-staining for MC (CD14, CD163) and EC markers (CD144, phosphorylated (active) eNOS). White letter “L” indicates the lumen. Scale bars 50 µm. White arrows indicate auto-fluorescent inner elastic lamina.
