Fig. 2: Experimental approach for V1 physiology.
From: Spatial contextual effects in primary visual cortex limit feature representation under crowding

a RFs of each neuron were mapped using small gratings. Black dots indicate RF centers for all neurons in one example recording; shaded gray circles indicate RF size for a subset of neurons, defined as 2 SDs of a Gaussian function fit to the responses. Red shading indicates the location of the target (center) and distractors. b Orientation tuning of example neurons. Shaded gray bars indicate the range of target orientations presented. Black dashed lines indicate spontaneous rate. c Responses of four example neurons to isolated targets of different orientations (black) and to those same targets when surrounded by distractors (red). Units are different from those shown in b.