Fig. 2: Evolution of local distortion modes with hole doping in magnetite.

Plots from top to bottom show the Q_rad radial distortion parameters for all 16 octahedral B sites, the Q_JT tetragonal Jahn–Teller distortions for the eight Fe²⁺ sites, and the Q_tri trimeron shortening of Fe–Fe distances around the Fe²⁺ sites. B-site labels shown at the top are the same as used in previous studies^8,9, with the eight Fe²⁺ sites in blue–green symbols to the left, and the eight Fe³⁺ sites with yellow–brown symbols to the right. Error bars are calculated from estimated standard deviations from the refinements.