Fig. 3: The effect of HSD on inflammatory cytokine expression and MDSC differentiation in vivo.

a Tumour homogenates and serum samples were harvested and mixed at equal quantity or equal volumes. Inflammatory cytokines in tumour tissue lysates and serum from tumour-bearing NSD- or HSD-fed mice were assessed by the Proteome Profiler Mouse XL Cytokine Array, the signal intensity of the arrays was analysed using densitometry and the relative intensity (NSD vs. HSD) of individual cytokines was analysed after normalising to the positive controls on the same membrane. Each dot represents the technical replication of one phenotype. Data are from one out of two independent experiments. b ELISA and qRT-PCR of TNF-α and IFN-γ in tumour tissues from NSD- and HSD-fed mice. The two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum tests; n = 10 mice per group; *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs. the NSD group. Data are from one out of three independent experiments. Data are presented as dot plots extending to minimum and maximum values in one independent experiment, and bars are presented as the mean ± SEM of 10 individual mice. c–g 4T1 tumour-bearing mice were fed the NSD and HSD for 16 days, and the proportions of cells in blood, spleen and tumours were evaluated by flow cytometry. c–e The proportions of MDSCs in blood, spleen and tumours were evaluated by flow cytometry. f, g The proportion of DCs and macrophages in spleen and tumour from tumour-bearing mice are shown. The two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum tests; n = 10 mice per group; ns, not significant; *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs. the NSD group. Data are from one out of three independent experiments. Data are presented as dot plots extending to minimum and maximum values in one independent experiment, and bars are presented as the mean ± SEM of ten individual mice. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.