Fig. 5: A conserved program of differential RNA splicing and translation.

a Conserved alternative splicing events were obtained by mapping with LiftOver the coordinates of the alternative exons (s2 and e2), and the internal coordinates of the flanking exons (e1 and s3). We considered those alternative exons that had at least (s2 and e2) conserved. b Directionality of the changes in conserved alternative exons longer than 51nt (left panel) and microexons (right panel) in ribosome space. As before, dPSI indicates here the difference in relative abundance in both RNA and ribosome space. The plot shows the number of events (y-axis) according to whether they were significant in human, mouse, or both, and the direction of change (x-axis). We indicate in blue if the event had a significant decrease in inclusion smaller than −0.1, and in red if the event had a significant increase in inclusion larger than 0.1. c Correlation between the difference in relative abundance (dPSI) in human on the y-axis and mouse on the x-axis for the conserved differentially spliced events in ribosome space. Microexons are depicted in red. d Examples of microexons that change significantly in RNA and ribosome space between glia and glioma. For the genes GOPC and CERS6, we show Ribo-seq reads mapping to the microexon region and its flanking exons (left panels) and the number of Ribo-seq reads crossing the microexon junctions (right panels) in both glia (in blue) and glioma (in orange). e Patterns of inclusion of conserved differentially translated microexons in normal hippocampus (Hipp) samples from GTEX, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) from TCGA, and neuroblastoma (NB) from TARGET. The heatmap shows the difference of the median PSI with respect to the normal brain cortex tissue from GTEX.