Fig. 6: NOD1/2, NLRC4 and Caspase-1/11 are individually redundant for mucosal induction of adaptive immunity by live STm^Aux.

a Germ-free NOD1/2-double-deficient mice (open symbols) and wild-type control mice (filled symbols) were either enterally conditioned with three doses of 10¹⁰ CFU of STm^Aux (red triangles, n = 11 NOD1/2 KO animals and n = 5 wild-type animals examined over two independent experiments) or left untreated (gray circles, n = 11 NOD1/2 KO animals and n = 6 wild-type animals examined over two independent experiments). Twenty-seven days after the first treatment (day 0) all mice were challenged with wild-type STm (10³ CFU) and sacrificed at day 3 after challenge. b Bacterial burden of wild-type STm recoverable from mLN, spleen, and liver at day 3 after challenge. c Lipocalin-2 concentration in cecal contents at day 3 after challenge. d Germ-free NLRC4^−/− mice (open diamonds), Caspase-1/11^−/− mice (CASP1/11^−/−, open triangles), and control mice (CASP1/11^+/− NLRC4^+/+ littermate control mice; filled triangles) were either enterally conditioned with three doses of 10¹⁰ CFU of STm^Aux (red symbols, n = 7 NLRC4^−/− animals, n = 7 Caspase-1/11^−/−, and n = 7 Caspase-1/11^+/− animals examined over two independent experiments) or left untreated (gray symbols, n = 5 NLRC4^−/− animals, n = 8 Caspase-1/11^−/−, and n = 7 Caspase-1/11^+/− animals examined over two independent experiments). Twenty-seven days after the first treatment (day 0) mice were challenged with wild-type STm (10³ CFU) and sacrificed at day 3 after challenge. e Bacterial burden of wild-type STm recoverable from mLN, spleen, and liver at day 3 after challenge. f Lipocalin-2 concentration in cecal contents at day 3 after challenge. Each symbol represents one individual. Statistics: bars indicate mean (b, c, e, f). Horizontal, dotted lines indicate the lower detection limit. Panels b, c, e, f were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA (host genotype and treatment as factors) and Sidak multiple comparison correction. The data were pooled from two independent experiments. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Detailed statistical metrics are available in the Supplementary Statistical Analysis file.