Fig. 4: BPH subgroup-specific alterations and potential therapeutic options.
a Barplots of nominated compounds from each BPH subgroup when comparing with control samples across multiple cell lines, and summary from all cell lines via Connectivity Map (CMAP). The x-axis denotes CMAP score. Different colors represent BPH subgroups. b Nominated compounds from subgroup BPH-A via Connectivity Map. The x-axis denotes the CMAP score. c GSEA analysis of mTOR related signatures in subgroup BPH-A and subgroup Sub-A from independent study18, showing that genes down-regulated by mTOR inhibitor are positively enriched, and genes up-regulated in CEM-C1 cells (T-CLL) by mTOR inhibitor are negatively enriched, compared to control samples. d Waterfall plot of % prostate axial area change on computed tomography in 47 patients after initiating therapy with an mTOR inhibitor and 12 kidney stone patients (negative controls). Different colors represent patient type. Dashed line represents a predetermined threshold (12.5%) for a significant decrease in area. e Boxplots of % prostate area change in 47 patients taking mTOR inhibitors (26 with Everolimus and 21 with Sirolimus treatments), and 12 negative controls. P-values represent prostate size change for each drug as compared to controls via using two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The center line represents median value, box limits represent 25% and 75% quantiles, and the top and bottom lines represent minimal and maximal values, respectively. f Examples of CT scans from three patients who had a decrease in prostate size after initiation of an mTOR inhibitor. Prostate highlighted in blue.
