Fig. 8: Graphical representation of MEKi/CD40 Ab antitumor mechanism.

MEK inhibitors induce tumor-intrinsic interferon response, enhance MHC-restricted antigen presentation and suppress M2 tumor-associated macrophages (M2 TAM), MDSCs and Tregs, but not M1 TAMs, DCs, and effector T cells. Agonist anti-CD40 provides co-stimulatory signal, increases antigen presentation, and stimulates CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Complementary drug action of the MEKi/CD40 Ab combination exerts synergistic antitumor effects.