Fig. 7: Conserved gene expression pattern of human and mouse penile cancers.

a Conserved expression pattern of most up- and down-regulated genes in human penile cancer relative to normal human penis as compared with mouse penile cancer (SA, SAP) relative to normal mouse penis (n = 3, 3 and 2 for WT, SA and SAP, respectively). Human data were from GSE57955⁴⁷, n = 39 (12 are HPV⁺, 25 are HPV⁻, 2 with unknown HPV status, all referenced to normal glan tissues). b Normalized RNA levels of representative upregulated genes in human and mouse PSCC. For human, HPV⁺ and HPV⁻ cases were plotted separately, but showed no statistically significant differences (n = 12 for human HPV⁺, 25 for human HPV⁻, 3 for mouse SA, and 2 for mouse SAP). All data points are shown with the line representing the median. c IHC images of selected immune cell markers and signaling molecules in human penile tumors. In all cases, more than half of the eight cases were positive for the marker being stained (n = 8). Scale bar 100 μm.