Fig. 5: Renal single-cell RNAseq expression of potential urine biomarkers in LN and healthy controls.

a Feature plots of potential urine biomarkers where each dot is a cell and the color intensity (gray = low, to red = high) indicates expression of the indicated gene within each cell, as deduced by RNAseq data analysis of 21 LN renal tissue samples. CCL2 = MCP-1; CAST = calpastatin; HPX = hemopexin; PRDX6 = peroxiredoxin-6; BCL2A1 = BFL-1; SELE = sE-selectin. b tSNE plot of 1624 cells obtained from the renal biopsy of 21 LN patients and 3 healthy controls. Clusters are derived from PCA and graph-based clustering analysis and color-coded based on identified cell type. c Student’s t-test comparison of expression of CCL2 (MCP-1), VCAM-1, CAST (calpastatin), and FCG2RB between LN patients (N = 21) and healthy controls (N = 3) within the single-cell RNAseq dataset. The ends of the box represent the upper and lower quartiles, so the box spans the interquartile range. The median is marked by a horizontal line inside the box. The whiskers are the two lines outside the box that indicate 1.5 times the interquartile range from the upper or lower quartile.