Fig. 3: Selective enhancement of the SEI by Li metal DNP.

Diamagnetic 7Li (a–d), 1H (e–h), and 19F (i–l) NMR spectra of lithium microstructures produced by cycling with the LP30 (top half, sample D) and LP30 + FEC (bottom half, sample E) electrolytes, recorded with and without 15.6 W of microwave irradiation (μw ON/OFF). (b) and (d) are deconvolutions of the μw ON spectra in (a) and (c), respectively; see Supplementary Figs. 15, 16 and Supplementary Table 2. All spectra were recorded at 12.5 kHz MAS, 14.1 T and room temperature, unless otherwise stated. Spinning sidebands are marked with asterisks. The direct spectra were recorded with a Hahn echo pulse sequence and the CP spectra were recorded with the 7Li carrier at 0 ppm and contact times of 1 and 0.1 ms for 7Li → 1H and 7Li → 19F respectively. For the direct 1H and 19F experiments, the difference between the spectra recorded with and without microwave irradiation is also shown. Recycle delays and experimental times are given in Supplementary Table 5.