Fig. 2: Prolonging the C and D periods of cell division by genetic manipulation.

a, b Effect of prolonging the C and D periods of cell division on cell division. c, d Effect of prolonging the C and D periods of cell division on the specific surface area (SSA) and mean cell volume (MCV). e, f Confirming the morphological variations of the all engineered strains by the FESEM. The blue color of FESEM was highlighted. For the original pictures were shrinked into the top right corner of the enlarged pictures. In nrdA/∆nrdA, nrdAB/∆nrdAB, nrdB/∆nrdB, and nrdD/∆nrdD mutants, nrdA, nrdAB, nrdB, and nrdD were weakly expressed by low concentration IPTG (10 μM), respectively. a, b The box plots define the minima, maxima, center, and bounds of box. e, f The scale bar is 5 μm. Significance (p-value) was evaluated by two-sided t-test, compared to CT. a–d Values are shown as mean ± s.d. from three (n = 3) biological independent replicates. Information for each gene was provided in Supplementary Note 1. Source data are provided as a Source data file.