Fig. 1: Bending induced strain gradient in the flexible device.
a Schematic of the realization of the strain gradient by bending the freestanding BFO thin film. b The solid lines are the calculated strain gradient as a function of the curvature radius. The eight solid points are the in-plane and out-of-plane strain gradients calculated from the four bending levels conducted in this work. Schematic of the stain status in the freestanding BFO thin film with c downward polarization and d upward polarization. The purple and yellow arrows represent the downward and upward BFO polarizations that are along the body diagonal direction, respectively. The red arrow represents the BFO polarization-dependent internal electric field (Ein) of Pt/BFO/LSMO device, and the blue arrow shows the flexoelectric polarization (Pflexo) generated by the flexoelectric effect during bending.
