Fig. 4: Charge transfer in organic photovoltaic materials.
From: Attosecond science based on high harmonic generation from gases and solids

a Schematics describing 2-picolinic acid adsorbed onto TiO2 with femtosecond UV as the pump and attosecond SXR as the probe. b Energy diagram describing the electron transfer from LUMO of adsorbate to conduction band of TiO2. Schematics showing transitions from C K-edge and N K-edge to unoccupied states for adsorbate and those from Ti L-edge to conduction band for TiO2. c Expected attosecond transient-absorption signals at various probe energies (C K-edge, N K-edge, and Ti L-edge).