Fig. 1: Geographic distribution and genetic structure of domestic and wild sheep.

a The geographic distribution of Asiatic mouflon, 36 landraces, and six improved breeds, which are represented by blue, red, and green dots on the world map⁷⁹, respectively. MOU, Asiatic mouflon; AFH, Afshari; AFS, Afar; ALS, Altay; AWA, Awassi; BOG, Bonga; BSB, Bashibai; CAM, Cameroon; CLS, Celle Black; DJI, Djallonké; DLS, Duolang; DPS, Dorper (WDP, white head; BDP, black head); DRS, Drenthe Heathen; EFR, East Friesian Dairy; FIN, Finnsheep; GHE, Ghezel; GOT, Gotland; GSS, Gray-Shiraz; HAS, Hamdani; HDW, Large-tailed Han; HUS, Hu; KAR, Karakul; MAK, Makui; MAZ, Mazekh; MBS, Mbororo; MFW, Chinese Merino (fine wool); MOH, Moghani; MOS, Mossi; MSF, Chinese Merino (super-fine wool); OUE, Ouessant; SAH, Sahelian; SFK, Suffolk; SHA, Shal; SHE, Shetland; SOL, Solognote; SSS, Sishui Fur; SXW, Small-tailed Han; TAN, Tan; UDA, Uda; WAD, West African Dwarf; WDS, Wadi; WGR, Waggir; and YAN, Yankasa. b Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree of the 248 individuals constructed using the p-distances between individuals, with Asiatic mouflon as an outgroup. c Plots of principal components 1 and 2 for the 248 individuals. d Decay of linkage disequilibrium in the Asiatic mouflon, landraces, and improved breeds. e Neighbor-joining tree of five genetic groups based on the Reynolds genetic distances. Red numbers beside divergence nodes are bootstrap values based on 1,000 replications. A scale bar represents branch length in terms of percent divergences (%). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.